Fully Immersive 18th Century Tavern Weekend
Imagine coming to a fully recreated 18th Century New England Village, staying in period accommodations (they have TWO 18th C Taverns), eating food prepared in a colonial kitchen, enjoying good beer and cocktails and maybe a few tavern entertainments free of the technological chatter of the 21st Century. We are planning a full weekend of…
America is not and shall never be a Christian Nation!
Religion is at the forefront of the founding documents of many nations. Some, like Iran, Saudi Arabia and Costa Rica, are unapologetically theocratic. They explicitly announce the role of religion as a co-equal to secular sovereignty. Others, like Canada and Poland, acknowledge the role of God in their preambles but then eschew religion later in…
Tools of the Surveyor — Range Poles
Surveyors’ range poles have been used for millennia to mark station positions, align straight lines, and provide visible targets for sight lines. Range poles are painted with alternating, high-contrast bands (such as red and white, red and yellow, or black and white) to ensure proper visibility across long distances or during inclement weather. These bands…
Tools of the Surveyor — The Theodolite
A theodolite is a precision optical instrument for measuring angles between designated visible points. Unlike the circumferentor which can only take measurements in the plane, the theodolite can take bearings in both the horizontal and vertical planes. It consists of a moveable telescope mounted so it can rotate around horizontal and vertical axes and provide…
Tools of the Surveyor — The Surveyors’ Compass or Circumferentor
A circumferentor, or surveyor’s compass, is used to measure horizontal or magnetic bearings for lines laid out in a survey. It consists of a box containing a magnetic needle, which moves freely over compass rose divided into 360 degrees and a pair of sights located on the North-South axis of the compass. Circumferentors were typically…
Tools of the Surveyor — The Astrolabe
Before we had sextants and octants, celestial navigation was accomplished using the astrolabe. Originating in Greece and perfected by medieval Islamic scholars, this astronomical “multi-tool” and rudimentary analog computer revolutionized navigation, timekeeping, and astronomy before being replaced by the sextant and pendulum clock. Want to have the Regimental Brewmeister at your site or event? You…
Tools of the Surveyor — The Sector
The sector is a hinged calculating tool used by navigators, draftsmen, and woodworkers to solve problems using proportions and the rules of similar triangles. It consists of two rulers joined by a hinge. By opening the hinge at different widths, the user can use dividers to solve proportions, scale dimensions up or down, and compute…
Tools of the Surveyor — The Sextant and the Octant
In 1730 Thomas Godfrey of Philadelphia invented what was referred to as a double reflecting sextant. At the same time, entirely independent of Godfrey, John Hadley, an English mathematician and astronomer, invented the Hadley’s Quadrant which was also a double reflecting. Both instruments were equipped with half mirrors and sights. Latitude measurements were taken by…
Tools of the Surveyor — The Alidade
An alidade is a device that allows one to sight a distant object and use the line of sight to perform a task, like recording a line on a map. These devices are often incorporated into other tools like the surveyor’s compass or circumferentor but can also be used independently on the plane table. The…
Tools of the Surveyor — Gunter’s Chain
Developed by Edmund Gunter in 1620, Gunter’s chain sought to reconcile traditional English land measurements, based on the number 4, with the decimal system. Each chain was composed of 100 links, measuring 66 feet total (each link measures 7.92 inches long). A chain is subdivided into four parts—each made up of 25 links measuring 5…
Tools of the Surveyor — The Artificial Horizon
A surveyor’s artificial horizon is a device developed by London instrument maker John Elton in 1732, this tool (traditionally a tray of mercury but this can be oil, water, or a specialized mirror) allows “for taking altitudes without a horizon.” With the artificial horizon, precise latitude readings may be taken with a sextant when a…
Tools of the Surveyor — Carver’s Quadrant
The quadrant is an instrument used to simplify astronomical calculations and to make observations. Developed by Isaac Carver, a student of Edmund Gunter, in 1706. The quadrant is used to observe and measure astronomical phenomena, to perform the basic tasks of surveying. Designed to work at specific latitudes (in this case 38-41 N), the quadrant…
Tools of the Surveyor — Gunter’s Rule
Gunter’s Rule was invented by Edmund Gunter in 1620 to operationalize the work John Napier did with Logarithms. Napier published a table of logarithms in 1614 with which one can replace complex multiplication and division with simpler addition and subtraction of the equivalent logarithms. This is an improvement if you must calculate by hand but…
An Egg as Hydrometer
The larger end of a bird’s egg contains an air cell that forms when the contents cool and contract after the egg is laid. A freshly laid egg has a relatively small air cell, but the size increases with time since the shell is slightly porous. A fresh egg, however, is dense enough that it…
The 1769 Transit of Venus was Used to Compute the Astronomical Unit
In a 1716 issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Edmund Halley explained how it was possible to use transits of Venus or Mercury to determine the astronomical unit by measuring the apparent solar parallax between different points on the surface of the Earth. Unfortunately, the next transits would occur in 1761 and…
The Beer was Not Cold
Before the invention of modern refrigeration, people rarely drank anything ice-cold. Beer was traditionally drunk it at “room temperature” or cellar temperature. Drinking any “ice-cold” beverage was a rare luxury reserved only for the extremely wealthy who would harvest and store natural winter ice in deep cellars. In the German states[1] beer was fermented and…
Early Meteorology — The Deflection Anemometer
Wind is perhaps one of the most obvious weather phenomena and was of critical importance to commerce in the 18th Century. Wind propels not just ships at sea but the earliest industrial processes like milling grain and pumping water (especially in the Netherlands).There is some controversy over the invention of the anemometer. Some historians suggest…
Early Meteorology — Goethe’s Barometer
The weather glass is a small open barometer filled with water. It is a simple instrument designed to indicate atmospheric pressure rises and falls as the water in its spout falls or rises. It does not provide quantitative measurements of atmospheric pressure but indicates changes. Falling water in the glass (water pushed into the sealed…
Early Meteorology — The Thermometer
Galileo Galilei is credited with the invention of the thermoscope, a device for gauging heat. But it’s not the same as a thermometer. It couldn’t measure temperature because it had no scale. Today, we see Galileo Thermometers, but these are modern inventions dependent upon ultra-modern mass and density measurement. Galileo’s thermoscope simply demonstrated that the…
Early Meteorology — The Psychrometer
By the late 18th Century, the emerging science of meteorology—closely aligned with the study of gases—was focused on major advances in understanding evaporation, latent heat, and water vapor in the air. The earlier Aristotelian study of storms was being superseded by the systematic measurement of temperature, pressure and atmospheric moisture with an aim to PREDICT those…
Donald Trump wants to use the NPS as a propaganda machine to spread his misguided version of history.
Clearly the Trump Administration wants a war. They are insistent upon MISLEADING and UNTRUTHFUL telling of history. Its time we start really protesting and shut-down Philadelphia in preparation for the semiquincentennial. Come to INHP on Saturday between 12 and 4pm as we tell the REAL HISTORY of America and the President’s House. We will continue…
Philadelphia Pepper-Pot Stew
Philadelphia pepper pot is a colonial era stew with an interesting story. It’s said that during the winter of 1777-1778 the Continental Army was holed up at Valley Forge, and foodstuffs were hard to find. General Washington ordered cooks to throw together what ingredients they had on hand to make a stew to feed the…
David Rittenhouse wrote an almanac in 1747
David Rittenhouse had a long and varied career. He was, of course, Philadelphia’s most celebrated astronomer but he was also a clockmaker, an inventor, the treasurer of the Continental Congress, City Surveyor of Philadelphia, and founder of the US Mint. His masterful 1771 Orrery was the state of the art in teaching celestial mechanics for first half…
Getting Paid to Drink Beer… The Ale Conner
Imagine getting DRAFTED into office where your job is to drink beer. Well, that is exactly what happened in medieval England. Ale conners (also known as ale-tasters or ale-cunners) were local officials appointed by a baron or marquis to ensure the quality and fairness of ale and beer production in their county. Their job was…
2026 Brewmeister Merchandise
For a couple of years, I have been selling books at my events. I will continue to offer copies of the following books at events in 2026: New this year, I am adding the following offerings: Obviously, we will see if anyone wants these but send me your ideas of ways we can make your…
The Patriot’s Paradox
Every once in a while, you are struck by how truly strange our political world has become. I am not referring to the disfunction in our US government (directly) but rather our day-to-day interactions between seemingly normal, patriotic Americans. Case in point: I had a very interesting interaction with my SAR compatriots, on Washington’s Birthday…
Tonight is Purim
Purim is celebrated every year on the 14th of the Hebrew month of Adar (late winter/early spring). This year is a poignant celebration given that Israel is at war with Iran (historic Persia). In the 4th century BCE, Persian King Ahasuerus had his wife, Vashti, executed for failing to follow his orders, then he arranged a beauty pageant to find a…
Siege Weekend @ Fort Mifflin
Well its official, the Regimental Brewmeister will be returning to Fort Mifflin’s Siege Weekend this year on November 14. Want to have the Regimental Brewmeister at your site or event? You can hire me. https://colonialbrewer.com/yes-you-can-hire-me-for-your-event-or-site/
The Tavern Sign
Because of their abundance, the names pubs take were designed to be memorable—but more than that, they were designed to be visual. Outside any traditional pub worthy of its title, you’ll find a hanging signboard with a unique illustration that represents the name of the business. The first British pub signs were created in the…
Help Wanted — Immersion Weekend in New York
I am looking for 10 solid tavern goers who are interested in an immersion weekend and willing to travel to Albany, NY. On August 8, the Admiral of the Blue Apron will be hosting an immersion weekend on 18th Century beverages and tavern culture. The program will include a full tavern in a fully restored…
A Yiddish Version of the Declaration of Independence
British officers were stunned to find the Declaration of Independence together with an unintelligible document – a Yiddish translation. Just as the Torah is intended to be read aloud, a practice that continues in synagogues to this day, the Continental Congress ordered that copies of the Declaration be sent “to the several Assemblies, Conventions, and…
Open your purse on Plough Monday
Plough Monday (the first Monday after Epiphany or January 6) marks the traditional start of the English agricultural year. It is often celebrated with some unorthodox partying/fundraising. A boy dressed as an old woman (called the “Bessy”) and man dressed as an animal (called the “Fool”), accompanied by roving musicians, drag a plough from house to house to…
The Holiday of Hansel
Handsel Monday, the first Monday after January 1, was an old 18th century Scottish tradition where masters would give their servants presents and give them the day off. Sweet! “Handsel” is a Middle English word meaning good luck or good omen. The handsel present was typically money, meaning even the poorest servant had a little extra cash…
The DUTCH East India Company
The Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC), better known as the Dutch East India Company was set up in 1602 and head-quartered in the Oost-Indisch Huis (East-India House) in downtown Amsterdam, which still stands today. The company was first company to officially issue stocks, which peaked during the Dutch “Tulip Mania”, a craze for tulip bulbs that…
Historical Tidbits — 1st Bank of North America established
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 31, 1781 1st Bank of North America established Chartered May 26, 1781, by the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation, this enterprise was the first national and truly…
Auld Lang Syne
At midnight on December 31st, throughout the English-speaking world, the song “Auld Lang Syne” is sung practically everywhere. This song — actually a poem by Robert Burns — is indelibly linked to New Year’s celebrations, but what does it mean? You’ve all seen Billy Crystal in Harry met Sally: “Does that mean that we should…
Historical Tidbits — Arnold Attacks Quebec City
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 31, 1775 — Patriot forces under Colonel Benedict Arnold and General Richard Montgomery attempted to capture the British-occupied city of Quebec and with it win support for the…
Historical Tidbits — General Montgomery killed
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 31, 1775 General Montgomery killed General Richard Montgomery launched a courageous attack on the lower city of Quebec (along the river beneath the walls) in the middle of…
Did Jews Participate in the American Revolution? Well here are a few stories. (Jewish Pirates)
When the Spanish expelled the Jews in 1482, many came to the “New World” is search of freedom and safety. Not surprising, many turned to piracy as both a means of income and as retribution for their mistreatment in Spain. Similarly, many Jews, already heavily involved in shipping and trade, began to arm merchant ships…
Bonhomme Richard Spice Ale
Bonhomme Richard was originally a merchant ship built at L’Orient for the French East India Company in 1765. Her design allowed her to be quickly transformed into a man-of-war in case of necessity to support the navy. She made two voyages to China, the first in 1766 and the second in 1769, was transferred briefly…
Did Jews Participate in the American Revolution? Well here are a few stories. (Moses Franks)
In 1776, as Washington was preparing in Boston to move against New York, the general requested Congress to send him $250,000 in hard coin to pay the militia whose term of service had expired. Washington’s problem was not to raise the money, but to transport it to Boston past hostile Tories. Shipping the specie by…
Historical Tidbits — Savannah taken by the British
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 29, 1778 Savannah taken by the British In 1778, British policymakers and strategists decided to refocus their efforts on the southern colonies, where they believed the crown would…
And Now for Something Completely Different.
Finnish Wife Carrying Competitions Rosov Ronkainen, a notorious Finnish man from the 1800s, is known for stealing both women and food from nearby villages. He required his accomplices to go through an obstacle course while carrying something heavy on their backs to be sure they could handle the stolen bounties. Now, Finland has both a…
The Other East India Companies
When we talk about 18th Century trade monopolies, the big three (British East India Company, Hudson Bay Company, and the Dutch East India Company). The era of Spanish hegemony in trade was well in the decline by 1700 but what about the other imperial powers. Let’s not forget that France, Austria, Demark, Sweden, and Portugal…
Did Jews Participate in the American Revolution? Well here are a few stories. (David Salisbury Franks and Solomon Bush)
Yesterday we discussed Mordecai Sheftall’s career during the Revolution. There were two other Jewish soldiers that became staff officers in the Continental Army – David Salisbury Franks and Solomon Bush. When General Richard Montgomery took Montreal from the English, David Salisbury Franks (then a Canadian civilian) lent the American Army money and sold them supplies,…
Did Jews Participate in the American Revolution? Well here are a few stories. (the "Jew Company")
In South Carolina of at least thirty-four Jewish soldiers served in what would become known as the “Jew Company” under Captain Richard Lushington. The Jews who served in Lusington’s company did not constitute a majority, but since most of them had been conscripted as a group from the King Street shopkeepers of Savanah, they all…
Historical Tidbits — 1st Battle of Trenton
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 26, 1776 1st Battle of Trenton Having successfully crossed the Delaware on Christmas day, the Continental Army attacked a Hessian garrison at Trenton on December 26, 1776. Although…
Did Jews Participate in the American Revolution? Well here are a few stories. (Francis Salvador)
Francis Salvador owned a large plantation South Carolina’s Ninety-Six District. Salvador soon emerged as a Whig leader. In a time when only men who had accepted Christian oaths were allowed to serve in military and political office, Salvador was the first unconverted Jew to serve in an American legislature. He was elected to the provincial…
Lords a Leaping…
Social Stratification in English Society Under English Common Law, you are entitled (in some situations) to a “Jury of your Peers.” As Americans, we frequently misinterpret “peers” to mean people like us. This is because with the adoption of the US Constitution in 1787, we officially renounced all references to “peerage” and titles of nobility…
Edmund Halley’s Famous Prediction
The first known observation of Halley’s Comet, or Comet Halley, took place in 239 BCE., when Chinese astronomers recorded its passage in the Shih Chi and Wen Hsien Thung Khao chronicles. When Halley’s returned in 164 BCE. and again in 87 BCE, it was noted in Babylonian records. It’s also thought that another appearance of…
The Philadelphia Tea Party
We all know that on December 16, 1773 protestors boarded the Dartmouth, the Eleanor and the Beaver, ships of the East India Company, and threw their cargo of tea into the Boston Harbor but this story neither begins nor ends in Boston. The idea for the acts of defiance against the British Empire was birthed in Philadelphia at…
Historical Tidbits — Washington crosses Delaware
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 25, 1776 Washington crosses Delaware On blustery Christmas Day in late 1776, George Washington led a daring attack on the Hessian garrison in Trenton. After a series of…
Did Jews Participate in the American Revolution? Well here are a few stories. (Levy Solomons)
Since the quartermaster department of the Revolutionary armed forces was primitive and inadequate, the government turned to civilian purveyors for badly needed supplies. Many, if not most, Jewish merchants of that day were purveyors on a large or small scale, offering the government clothing, gunpowder, and lead. Harassed for lack of funds, the authorities took…
Chanukah in Colonial America
What religious story most resonates with the spirit of the American Revolution? Yes, there are many stories in many religions that people overcoming atrocities and oppression. But consider for just a moment the story of Judah Maccabee. In the late 6th century BCE, the Persian emperor Cyrus the Great let the Jews go home after…
SinterKlaas
During the American War of Independence, the inhabitants of New York City, formerly New Amsterdam), celebrated the tradition of Sinterklaas as symbol of the city’s non-English past. In the 1770s the New York Gazetteer noted that the feast day of “St. a Claus” was celebrated “by the descendants of the ancient Dutch families, with their usual festivities.” Sinterklaas is…
Did Jews Participate in the American Revolution? Well here are a few stories. (Haym Salomon)
I am going to conclude this short series with a note on someone I consider to be one of the nation’s unrecognized Founding Fathers for without the sacrifices of Mr. Salomon, the Revolutionary War would have likely ended in New Jersey in 1776 as the Continental Congress ran out of funds to support the army.…
The 2026 Calendar of Events
While I am still accepting bookings, here are the events currently on the docket fo the Regimental Brewmeister in 2026: 2026 Calendar of Events for Regimental Brewmeister[1] January 4 Battle of Princeton Princeton Battlefield January 24 History Matters INHP January 28 Talk on Importance of Taverns in Colonial America Blue Ball Tavern February 28 Tavern…
Historical Tidbits — Washington resigns as Commander in Chief
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 23, 1783 Washington resigns as Commander in Chief “Having now finished the work assigned to me, I retire from the great theatre of action; and bidding an affectionate…
Texas and the American Revolution
In discussions on the American Revolutionary War, the contributions of Texas are seldom brought up.[1] But in the 1770s, Texas, inhabited by Spaniards and Native Americans, was a hub of activity. While the signing of the Declaration of Independence occurred on July 4, 1776 in Philadelphia, Tejanos (Texans) manned outposts, guarded New Spain’s claims, and reconnoitered neighboring…
Louisiana Purchase finalized 12/20/1803
On December 12, 1803 the United States completed the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from Frans for $15 million. This territory encompassed 530,000,000 acres of territory. As the United States spread across the Appalachians, the Mississippi River became an increasingly important conduit for the produce of America’s West (which at that time referred to the…
Britain’s Failed Attempt at Peace Talks
Stunned by Britain’s defeat at Saratoga and fearing that its former colonies would enter into an alliance with France, Lord North reversed direction in early 1778 and proposed to Parliament that Britain send a peace commission with powers to negotiate with the Continental Congress. Parliament approved the “Royal Instructions to the Peace Commission” on 16…
Historical Tidbits — Encampment at Valley Forge
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 19, 1777 Encampment at Valley Forge With the campaign season ending and cold weather rapidly approaching, Washington moved his army into winter quarters. For his winter encampment, Washington…
The American Crisis
The American Crisis, or simply The Crisis, was a pamphlet series by Thomas Paine between December 19, 1776 and April 19, 1783 to “recharge the revolutionary cause” during the American Revolution. Sixteen numbered pamphlets were published between 1776 and 1783 in various newspapers. Paine believed ordinary Americans were more apt to continue under the protection…
Basic Colonial Brewing #5 –Why use Copper?
Go to almost any brewery or distillery and you will see lots of gleaming copper. This is not some quaint historical holdover nor is it there for show. We use copper in brewing for real and practical purposes. The reasons for using copper were well understood by the Colonial Brewer but why it worked has…
Historical Tidbits — XYZ Affair
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 18, 1801 XYZ Affair The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War.…
“Colonials were a despicable people — hardly worthy to call themselves the king’s subjects.”
The French and Indian War gave many British aristocrats their first view into what their American colonists were like. They were not impressed! War thrust people of diverse backgrounds and views into close contact, the French and Indian War was no exception. Britons and Americans learned first-hand that many of the commonalities that they believed…
America’s First True Disaster Area — New Madrid, MO
In the early hours of December 16, 1811, the residents of New Madrid, a Mississippi River town once part of the Louisiana Territory, rushed from their homes as the ground rolled beneath their feet. Trees were uprooted and thrown to the ground. Huge chasms opened in the earth, and the Mississippi River ran backward! Somewhere…
Historical Tidbits — Siege Fort Mifflin
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. November 16, 1777 Siege Fort Mifflin On September 22, Howe succeeded in achieving an uncontested crossing of the Schuylkill River and four days later occupied Philadelphia. Having taken the city,…
Bill of Rights Day — December 15, 1791
On December 15, 1791, the new United States of America ratified the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, confirming the fundamental rights of its citizens. The Bill of Rights draws influence and inspiration from the Magna Carta (1215), the English Bill of Rights (1689), and various later efforts in England…
Historical Tidbits — General Lee captured
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 15, 1776 General Lee captured General Charles Lee left his army and rode to Widow White’s Tavern in Basking Ridge, New Jersey, with a minimal guard. The following…
The Regimental Brewmeister does “Talks” as well as brewing demonstrations.
The Regimental Brewmeister is happy to give talks and lectures at your site to audiences of any size. I ask that you provide appropriate auto visual projection equipment and event promotion. I typically come in 18th Century attire and conduct interactive discussions. While I am happy to consider talks on other subjects, I have delivered…
Join the Regimental Brewmeister
People are always welcome to come to my events and if you come in 18th Century kit, you can be part of the program or just hang out in the tent as you see fit. However, if you are truly interested in really learning the process, teaching the public, and being the brewer, you should…
Join the Regimental Brewmeister
People are always welcome to come to my events and if you come in 18th Century kit, you can be part of the program or just hang out in the tent as you see fit. However, if you are truly interested in really learning the process, teaching the public, and being the brewer, you should…
The Pennsylvania Turnpike — 1791
In June, 1791, a private turnpike company was formed ‘for making an artificial road from the City of Philadelphia to the Borough of Lancaster’ — a distance of sixty-six miles. It was the first stone paved turnpike of substantial length in the country, and the most costly and ambitious public works project undertaken up to…
Debtors’ Prison
Well, Tis the Season when many of you are in a Dickens of a mood so let’s talk about 18th Century debtors in England. Prior to the Bankruptcy Act (1869), missing even a small debt payment could lead to decades of imprisonment. If you are familiar with Charles Dickens’ novel Little Dorrit, originally published as…
How to Survey Land with 18th Century Tools – Measuring Elevations
Measuring how high a hill rises or whether a field is level involves the following equipment: Determining the elevation between points closer than 1 rod: This is the method most commonly used by architects and carpenters in the 18th Century but also employed by surveyors. This method only works for short distances. Determining the elevation…
The danger of always marching in lockstep
If you’ve ever been part of an organization that marches — not just the military but even marching bands and re-enactors (sort of) — you know what it means to march in lockstep. Everyone steps in precision to a standard cadence (usually 120 steps/min, 28 in/step) and one person takes a step with his left…
On December 13, 1636 our First “Citizen Soldiers” were Mustered.
While several of our military branches can be justifiably proud of over 246 years of service to our nation, one component of the military goes back much further! The National Guard is the direct descendent of America’s first militias. The oldest regiments drilled for the first time on the village green in Salem, Massachusetts, on…
Louisiana Purchase finalized 12/20/1803
On December 12, 1803 the United States completed the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from Frans for $15 million. This territory encompassed 530,000,000 acres of territory. As the United States spread across the Appalachians, the Mississippi River became an increasingly important conduit for the produce of America’s West (which at that time referred to the…
The Scourge of Slavery (#12) — How the Liberty Bell got its name
Every year millions of people come to Philadelphia to see the “Liberty Bell.” This large bell was commissioned in 1751 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly to hang in the new State House in Philadelphia. At the time it was commissioned, there was no thought about Independence. Philadelphia was the third most important city in the…
Don Antonio de Medoza
On December 12, 1543 Don Antonio de Medoza granted authorization to Alfonso de Herrera to build and operate a brewery in Mexico City. Truly a landmark event, it was the first brewery in all of the America’s. Want to have the Regimental Brewmeister at your site or event? You can hire me. https://colonialbrewer.com/yes-you-can-hire-me-for-your-event-or-site/
Switchel
Switchel or “Haymaker’s Punch” is a drink made of water mixed with vinegar, and often seasoned with spices like ginger. It is usually sweetened with molasses or brown sugar. Switchel originated in New England, and it became a popular summer drink in the American Colonies in the late 17th century. By the 19th century, it…
Historical Tidbits — Congress adjourns to Baltimore
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 12, 1776 Congress adjourns to Baltimore In mid-December 1776 Congress decided to move to Baltimore to escape capture by the advancing British. The time in Baltimore was a…
The British East India Company
Founded in 1600 by royal charter, the East India Company was established as a joint-stock trading company to exploit opportunities east of the Cape of Good Hope where it was granted a trade monopoly. Crucially, to conduct this trade, the EIC was permitted to ‘wage war’. Although the EIC did not hold sovereignty in its…
Apple Jack
Applejack is a uniquely American type of apple brandy which was widely produced during the 1700’s in North America. It was made by placing hard cider in wooden barrels and exposing them to freezing temperatures during winter. The water in the hard cider froze in the top of the barrel and could easily be removed. …
The Scourge of Slavery (#11) — Gradual Manumission, a small step toward Abolition
Perhaps in no other state did the ideals espoused during the American Revolution take hold as much as they did in Pennsylvania. The gradual emancipation act was just one example of Pennsylvanians attempting to follow through on Revolutionary promises but trying to abolish slavery outright was very difficult. The Pennsylvania legislature, however, suggested a gradual…
And Now for Something Completely Different…
In the last decades of the 18th Century, in the south of England, there was a trend It was often referred to as a ‘shift’ or ‘smock’ marriages. These even went so far as to sometimes be puris naturalibus or naked marriages. It seems, in the tradition of Lady Godiva of Mercia, If a woman…
Historical Tidbits — Retreats across the Delaware
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 8, 1776 Washington crosses Delaware (retreat) On 8 December 1776, after a long retreat through New Jersey under pressure from the British Army, American General George Washington…
Historical Tidbits — Delaware became the first state to ratify the US Constitution
When reenacting or acting as a historical interpreter, its good to have a few historical dates and stories to share. This series will publish a few. December 7, 1787 – Delaware became the first state to ratify the US Constitution. The Constitution was not ratified by all states until May 29, 1790, when Rhode Island…
Economic Crash — Tulip Mania
The Dutch tulip mania of the 1600s is often cited as an example of greed, excess, and financial mania, with the prices driven by the fear of missing out and crowd psychology. Tulips were imported into Europe in the 16th century by the Dutch East India Company, arriving via the spice trading routes that lent…
Curaçao
In 1499 the Spanish sent an expedition to the Caribbean island of Curaçao in an attempt to cultivate Seville oranges. Oranges were vital to naval operations in the region as they were used to fight scurvy. The Seville oranges, however, struggled under the island’s harsh equatorial sun, arid climate, and infertile soil eventually evolving into a small, bitter,…
Every Wonder Why We Call it a “Duffle” Bag?
If you make your tent out of ordinary “canvas” you are going to get wet in the rain. Canvas is a stout cloth, probably named after cannabis (Latin: “hemp”), made by tightly weaving material, mostly cotton, wool, and linen. This definition has not been that precise forever since the word canvas has come to signify…
Gov Franklin made each soldier brew their own beer.
On December 6, 1769 Governor of New Jersey William Franklin (son of Benjamin Franklin) worried about using the colony’s dwindling beer supply to provide British troops with rations. To address the crisis he issued a proclamation: ENACTED: That… in Lieu and Stead of Four Pints of Small Beer hereby allowed each man per day it…
Mead was not Mainstream in Colonial America
Honey bees are not native to North America. They were originally imported from Europe in the 17th century. In a letter written December 5, 1621 by the Council of the Virginia Company in London and addressed to the Governor and Council in Virginia, “Wee haue by this Shipp and the Discouerie sent you diurs [divers]…
The Scourge of Slavery (#10) — Concessions were made to slave owners in the US Constitution — the 3/5ths Compromise
At the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, it is important to remember that none of the delegates called for an actual the end of slavery. While some of them expressed their discomfort with it — George Mason of Virginia called for anti-slave trade laws and Gouverneur Morris of New York called slavery “a nefarious institution –…
Could one of our Founding Fathers have been a Jew?
While writing the blog on Chanukah in Colonial America, I came across some lectures and articles by Andrew Porwancher, a professor at the University of Oklahoma, who has an interesting hypothesis. It seems that while researching the early life of Alexander Hamilton, Porwancher uncovered some interesting facts. Alexander Hamilton is the son of Rachel Faucette…
Glögg
Hot spiced wine has been offered to messengers and postmen in Norway who travelled on horseback or skis in cold weather since at least the 16th century. Glögg is a common winter drink consisting of sweet wine or grape juice mixed with syrup and some harder spirits like rum, brandy or cognac. Glögg begins by…
How to Survey Land with 18th Century Tools – Measuring Lines
Land surveys consist of six basic tasks: In this series we will discuss the fundamentals of doing these tasks in the manner and with tools similar to those available to surveyors in the 18th Century. Let’s suppose you want to fence part of your acreage maybe section off the back 400 feet for a small…
Prescription Julep
Most people in the United States associate Julips drinks with The Kentucky Derby and certainly mint juleps have a storied history in that event but julep drinks have been around a lot longer and there are more julep drinks than the mint julep. This cocktail has origins back to the late 1700s, and ‘Julep’ is based…
The “beer before liquor” rule has no scientific basis.
I am sure you’ve heard “Beer before liquor, never been sicker; liquor before beer, you’re in the clear.” This is an adage of unknown origin claiming that low alcohol-by-volume (ABV) beverages (like beer) are best imbibed at the end of a night of drinking rather than early on. There are, however, NO scientific studies supporting…
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Michael Carver -- Historical Interpreter/Reenactor 